Today, let's talk about the top three cardio machines in the gym: treadmills, ellipticals, and stationary bikes. How can you exercise without causing injury? Here's a professional guide—take notes!

1. Treadmill and “Runner’s Knee”

“Runner’s knee” is a general term for knee pain that worsens after exercise. Common causes include iliotibial band syndrome, chondromalacia patella, and iliopsoas syndrome. For most runners, the real culprits are insufficient lower body strength, improper running form, and incorrect force application.

Professional Tips:

Use the Correct Running Form

Proper running technique significantly reduces the risk of knee injuries. Incorrect form, relying on compensatory muscles, can lead to injuries and pain over time. Here’s the correct running posture:

1. Upper Body: Keep your torso straight, maintain a neutral neck position, look forward, and relax your shoulders. Avoid jutting your neck forward or rounding your shoulders.

2. Arm Swing: Keep your arms close to your body, swinging them forward and back. Avoid crossing them over your chest, which can cause body rotation and reduce efficiency.

3. Hips: Keep your hips aligned with your torso, avoiding forward lean.

4. Legs and Feet: Balance the muscle effort in your legs. Lift your legs quickly and powerfully, landing on the forefoot to reduce impact.

If your treadmill is making excessive noise, your running form may be incorrect. Proper form should result in quieter operation.

Incorporate Strength Training

Before running, strengthen your glutes, hamstrings, calf muscles, and hip abductors. These muscles help stabilize and cushion your lower body during running.

Wear Proper Gear

Choose suitable running shoes that support your arches and maintain proper ankle alignment to prevent injuries.

Warm Up and Stretch

Stretching and warming up are crucial before running. Tight muscles are a major cause of running injuries, so take time to stretch thoroughly and warm up with light exercises before starting.

2. Stationary Bike

Common Causes of Knee Pain on Stationary Bikes:

1. Seat Too Low: A low seat height increases hip flexion and excessive knee flexion at the bottom of the pedal stroke, causing knee stress.

2. Knee Valgus: Allowing your knees to fall inward while pedaling distributes the force improperly, stressing the knee ligaments, cartilage, and meniscus.

3. Excessive Resistance: High resistance can cause you to use improper muscles, leading to knee, hip, and lower back injuries.

Professional Tips:

1. Adjust Seat and Handlebars: Set the seat and handlebars to appropriate heights and distances based on your body measurements.

2. Loosen Foot Straps: Don’t tighten foot straps excessively, especially for beginners.

3. Progress Gradually: Increase resistance and intensity gradually to avoid overexertion.

4. Ensure Proper Ventilation: Poor ventilation can lead to dizziness, chest tightness, nausea, and dehydration.

3. Elliptical Machine

Ellipticals provide low-impact exercise but can still pose risks. The reduced knee stress makes them a popular choice for those with knee issues. However, improper use can still lead to injuries.

Professional Tips:

1. Avoid Tiptoeing: Keep your heels down and focus on stable, grounded steps.

2. Adjust Resistance: Use appropriate resistance levels to prevent muscle strain.

Who Should Be Extra Cautious?

Overweight Individuals: Excess weight increases pressure on the lower body, raising injury risk. Start with low-impact exercises like swimming to build a fitness base.

Those with Previous Injuries: Individuals with past injuries, such as fractures, surgeries, or ligament tears, should be cautious. Weaker muscles and stability on the injured side increase secondary injury risk.

Older Adults: Elderly individuals with osteoporosis or cardiovascular issues should exercise carefully to avoid joint and muscle injuries.

Women: Women are more prone to knee injuries due to wider pelvises and greater lateral muscle tension. Exercises like squats and jumps should be performed with caution.

High-Intensity Enthusiasts: Overestimating your capabilities can lead to injuries. Gradually increase exercise intensity within your limits.

What to Do If You Get Injured?

Stop exercising immediately and rest. Apply ice to the injured area for 15-20 minutes to reduce swelling. If a joint is swollen, elevate the limb and apply a compression bandage to manage swelling.